# TLS, CSP, CNAME Probing

## 1) TLS Probing

Nowadays generally all websites communicate over HTTPS(HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure). In order to use HTTPS, the website owner needs to issue an SSL(Secure Socket Layer) certificate.

This SSL/TLS(Transport Layer Security) certificate contains hostname belonging to the same organization.

Clicking on the "Lock🔒" button in the address bar, you can view the TLS/SSL certificate of any website.

![Hackerone.com contain these subdomains in its TLS certificate](https://4209742079-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M_yFhMt21WnWVD7n0gh%2Fuploads%2FELR5jji1YSfZe8fC3ZoO%2FTLscert_yahoo.png?alt=media\&token=9d45ebc1-674f-4b7f-b5da-e3d976de7798)

For this purpose, we will be using a tool called [**Cero**](https://github.com/glebarez/cero)

#### Installation:

```bash
go install github.com/glebarez/cero@latest
```

#### Running:

```bash
cero in.search.yahoo.com | sed 's/^*.//' | grep -e "\." | sort -u
```

![](https://4209742079-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M_yFhMt21WnWVD7n0gh%2Fuploads%2Fxch9207jMDuH7GPrpRRn%2Fceroo\(1\).png?alt=media\&token=2adf14ee-5910-4244-9d87-8578ceced1a3)

## 2) CSP Probing

In order to defend from the XSS attacks as well as keeping in mind to allow cross-domain resource sharing in websites CSP(Content Security Policies) are used. These CSP headers sometimes contain domains/subdomains from where the content is usually imported.

Hence, these subdomains can be helpful for us. In the below image we can see I extracted domains/subdomains from the CSP header of [twitter.com](https://twitter.com)

```
cat subdomains.txt | httpx -csp-probe -status-code -retries 2 -no-color | anew csp_probed.txt | cut -d ' ' -f1 | unfurl -u domains | anew -q csp_subdomains.txt
```

![](https://4209742079-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-M_yFhMt21WnWVD7n0gh%2Fuploads%2FZsX2YKsUAA8uSCwTWSpL%2Fcsp.png?alt=media\&token=972dfee7-283f-4821-b428-24335e238aad)

## 3) CNAME Probing

I personally came across 2-3 cases where visiting the CNAME of the website showed me the same website without a firewall. (I personally don't know why this happened)

Since then I probe the CNAME's of the subdomains found.

```
dnsx -retry 3 -cname -l subdomains.txt
```


---

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